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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation in the world today. It can happen as often as Down syndrome and neural tube defects. FAS is in one to three cases per 1000 people. At least one-third to one half of the children born to chronic alcoholic mothers show some signs of fetal alcohol syndrome. Although the geographical and cultural differences on the level of a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, FAS occurs in all breeds and is often a problem in developed countries.
Some common features of FAS are:
Facial abnormalities such as telecanthus, where there is a greater distance between the inner corners of the eyes, and a thin upper lip.
Mild to severe mental retardation, resulting in learning difficulties.
Low birth weight and height remains that by early childhood.
Abnormalities of the heart and other organs.
How FAS affects the eyesEye doctors are interested in FAS because of the frequent involvement of the eyes, which may cause significant visual impairment in children. Visual acuity (the ability to see detail) is used in more than 50 percent of children with FAS. Some problems such as high refractive errors (such as large quantities of near-or farsightedness) can be corrected with glasses. Other problems caused by abnormal or incomplete development of the eye during pregnancy can lead to a permanent reduction of vision. For example, the optic nerve may be small or abnormally developed, which is visually impaired. Less frequently, the cornea (the clear surface of the eye) and iris (the colored part of the eye) can show abnormalities that severely limit vision. Strabismus (an eye turn) is 25 to 50 percent of children with FAS. Some other possible problems include cataracts (clouding of the lens) and nystagmus (rapid involuntary movements of the eye).
Changes in the eyelids are in FAS but can not prevent visual development. Signs of FAS are telecanthus and Droopy eyelid (ptosis), which is around 20 to 25 percent of affected children.
Who does FAS affected?Diagnosis of FAS at birth can be difficult from a variety of reasons. Not all children with FAS all symptoms of the syndrome. There are no laboratory tests to indicate FAS. Unlike cocaine, where tests can show whether the drug has been in the past, the doctor did not check that show a mother drinking habits. Suspicion may be aroused when the mother was drunk at prenatal visits or when they are delivered. The only way for the diagnosis of FAS is the characteristic signs and symptoms and discover the history of drinking during pregnancy. Many women will not admit to excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Drinking an average of six drinks per day fetus to submit concrete risk for the development of FAS. The level of alcohol consumption, which leads to FAS can not be expected, but regular consumption of alcohol is that they cause an increase in fetal abnormalities. Although occasional drink is no evidence that adverse effects on the fetus, most obstetricians advise no alcohol during pregnancy.
Some children may have abnormalities by excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but they do not have the characteristic appearance of FAS. Such groups of children suffering from fetal alcohol effects (FAE). For example, a child with FAS may be mentally retarded and visual impairments, but no facial anomalies. About 20 to 30 percent of all children with alcohol-related problems that are specific for full FAS, only 20 to 30 percent have some symptoms, and 40 percent show fetal alcohol effects.
How long has FAS Know?The bulk of research on the FAS has in recent decades. But the knowledge that drinking large amounts of alcohol can harm the fetus has been around for centuries. Aristotle said: "stupid, drunk ... Women must bring children like yourselves," morosos et lenguidos. "Cultural taboos in ancient Carthage on the Greek and Roman mythology forbade bridal couple to drink, to avoid producing defective children
It was not until 1973 that a clear description of the FAS, and recently there have been studies describe FAS in adolescents and adults. Although facial features are not as distinctive with age, many problems remain. These people are shorter and have smaller heads, but her weight is closer to normal. Their IQ varies considerably, but that means about 70 (normal IQ over 100). FAS young people and adults to show behavioral problems such as easily distracted, and poor social interaction, independent living difficult.
How can FAS be treated?All children with signs of alcohol effects during pregnancy should have a complete eye examination. Some of the visual impairment can be improved with glasses. More serious problems must be detected early and, ultimately, for the treatment to ensure proper placement of the school.
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a permanent, avoidable problem. Women must realize that a few alcoholic beverages must not be touched, but it can be seriously injured her unborn child.
"Eye Facts" is a series of information, and should not be used as a substitute for medical advice.
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